RS Takahisa Kawano, Brian Grunau, Frank X. Scheuermeyer et el published a study comparing intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access on survival as well as neurological outcome in out of hospital cardiac arrest in Annals of emergency medicine. BACKGROUND Intraosseous access (IO) was first pioneered by Drinkler and colleagues in 1922 but it became popular as a substitute to … Read more
Kristine A. Sobolewski , Alison Brophy , Yekaterina Opsha et el published a retrospective cohort study comparing abrupt withdrawal versus taper of hydrocortisone in resolving septic shock patients. BACKGROUND Severe sepsis and septic shock remains one of the most common diagnosis as well as cause of death in intensive care units around the world. Hydrocortisone has been shown to quicker … Read more
Henry E.Wang, Robert H. Schmicker, Mohamud R. Daya et el published PART trial (Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial) in which they compared laryngeal tube insertion with endotracheal intubation in out of hospital cardiac arrest. BACKGROUND About 350000 adults in the United States suffer out of hospital cardiac arrest each year, with less than 10%surviving to hospital discharge. More … Read more
Guillaume Fossat, Florian Baudin, Léa Courtes et el published a trial of in-bed cycling exercises and electrical stimulation versus standard rehabilitation in critically ill patients. BACKGROUND About half of patients admitted to Intensive care units experience muscle weakness and wasting which may persist for up to 5 years. Factors contributing are inflammation, metabolic disorders, sedation and prolonged … Read more
J.L. Sperry, F.X. Guyette, J.B. Brown, M.H. Yazer et el published a trial of plasma vs standard fluid resuscitation in trauma patients who were at risk of hemorrhagic shock while being transported by air medical services. BACKGROUND In hospital treatment of trauma involves “damage control resuscitation” which aims to prevent coagulopathy by minimization of the use of crystalloid-based … Read more
G.D. Perkins, C. Ji, C.D. Deakin, T. Quinn et el published a trial of epinephrine in out of hospital cardiac arrest in NEJM ( PARAMEDIC2 Collaborators ). BACKGROUND Epinephrine causes constriction of arterioles mediated by α-adrenergic receptors. Such constriction increases aortic diastolic pressure during CPR, thereby augmenting coronary blood flow and increasing the chance of a return of spontaneous circulation. It … Read more
In May, 2018, FDA approved Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (ZS-9) for treatment of hyperkalemia. This is available as Lokelma in USA, manufactured by AstraZeneca. This is the third drug in the category of Gastrointestinal cation exchangers for treatment of hyperkalemia. Earlier two drugs are sodium polystyrene sulfonate(Kayexalate, approved in 1958) and patiromer(Approved in 2015). Its efficacy … Read more
Antonio Paulo Nassar Junior, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro Besen et el published a meta analysis and systematic review in critical care medicine about restrictive and flexible visiting policies in ICUs. BACKGROUND Most ICUs worldwide place restrictions on visiting patients due to fear of infection, disorganization of care and increased workload on staff. Liberal visiting hours have … Read more
Liu ZM, Chen J, Kou Q et el published results of a randomized trial in intensive care medicine comparing Terlipressin with Norepinephrine in septic shock. BACKGROUND Norepinephrine (NE) is first line recommended agent for correcting hypotension in septic shock. Terlipressin is a synthetic long acting analogue of Vasopressin which has higher affinity for V1 receptor. … Read more
P.S. Myles, R. Bellomo, T. Corcoran et el published results of Relief trial (Restrictive versus Liberal Fluid Therapy in Major Abdominal Surgery) in New England Journal of Medicine. BACKGROUND Each year, 310 million surgeries happen world wide. These patients end up getting large amounts of intravenous fluids leading to fluid overload. A study published in 2003, showed that fluid … Read more
In February, 2017, FDA approved a new assay (Rt-Qpcr) for Mrna Transcript Immune Biomarkers to detect sepsis. It is a quantitative gene expression assay using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to quantify the relative expression levels of host response genes isolated from whole blood. This test is not widely available, and currently it takes about … Read more
An estimated 4 million people are taking factor Xa inhibitors, such as rivaroxaban (Xarelto, Bayer/Janssen Pharmaceuticals) and apixaban (Eliquis, Bristol-Myers Squibb). In the USA, Apixaban generated 4.9 billion dollars for the company last year. Until now, there was no approved reversal agent for these factor Xa inhibitors. In the United States alone, there were approximately … Read more